ACCOUNT 

OP 

SOME  OF  THE  LINES  OF  THE 

PRINCES  OF  THE  BLOOD 

OF  THE 

HOUSE  OF  FRANCE 


BY 

TEMPLE   PRIME 


NEW-YORK 
1890 


P7 


PRELIMINARY    REMARKS. 

The  feudal  nobility  of  France  consisted  of  six  classes : 
dukes,  marquesses,  counts,  viscounts,  barons,  and  chate- 
lains. 

Under  the  first  races  of  sovereigns  the  offices  of  duke, 
marquess,  and  count  were  held  by  those  to  whom  the  King 
delegated  authority  in  places  at  a  distance  from  the  court ; 
dukes  were  charged  with  the  government  of  provinces  and 
had  jurisdiction  over  a  certain  number  of  marquesses  and 
counts  ;  marquesses  had  charge  of  the  frontiers,  and  counts 
of  towns. 

An  edict  of  Charles  IX.  of  1566,  provided  that  in  all  new 
creations  of  duchies,  marquisates,  and  counties  they  should 
on  failure  of  male  issue  revert  to  the  crown ;  this  provision 
of  the  edict,  however,  soon  became  a  dead  letter,  as  already 
in  1571  it  was  customary  to  insert  in  the  letters  a  waiver 
of  the  forfeiture. 


291 


DUKES    AND    DUCHIES. 


Dukes  date  back  to  the  last  period  of  the  Roman  empire, 
and  derive  their  name  from  the  word  ''Dux/'  leader  of 
armies ;  this  dignity,  which  originally  was  purely  military, 
occupied  in  the  imperial  hierarchy  the  most  exalted  rank  ; 
later  it  was  conferred  upon  the  representatives  of  the 
Cgesars  and  upon  governors  of  provinces. 

The  Franks  retained  the  title,  and  their  conquests  were 
divided  into  duchies  and  counties ;  but  though  dukes  and 
counts  exercised  the  most  extensive  military  and  civil 
authority,  they  were  simply  officers  at  will. 

Already,  however,  in  the  Vlllth  century,  some  dukes, 
notably  those  of  Aquitaine  and  Gascony,  had  made  them- 
selves independent. 

Charles  Martel  undertook  a  crusade  against  the  refrac- 
tory dukes,  but  he  succeeded  only  in  so  far  that,  while  they 
recognized  his  suzerainty,  the  office  remained  hereditary. 

Charlemagne  compelled  the  dukes  to  submit  to  his 
authority;  but  after  his  death  they  soon  regained  their 
former  power. 

The  accession  to  the  throne  of  Hugues  Capet,  Duke  of 
France,  through  the  assistance  of  the  dukes,  naturally  led 
to  the  recognition  of  their  asserted  rights. 


6      PRINCES  OF  THE  BLOOD  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  FRANCE. 

France  contained  at  that  time  the  following  duchies : 

Aquitaine  or  Guienne  (Rainulf,  first  duke,  845 ;  since  850 
a  county) ; 

Toulouse  (Chosson,  first  duke,  778) ; 

Burgundy  (Henry,  first  duke,  970) ; 

Brittany  (Geoffrey,  first  duke,  992) ; 

Normandy  (Rollo,  first  duke,  876). 

During  some  centuries  no  new  duchies  were  added  to  the 
list,  and  the  first  created  were  in  favor  of  members  of  the 
royal  house ;  the  first  case  was  that  of  the  duchy  of  Bour- 
bon, erected  in  1327  in  favor  of  Louis,  Count  of  Clermont. 

Down  to  the  year  1519  the  following  duchies  were  re- 
created : 

Burgundy,  1360; 

Normandy,  1468 ; 

Guienne,  1469. 
And  the  following  new  ones  were  created : 

Orleans,  1344 ; 

Bar,  1354 ; 

Anjou,  Berry,  Auvergne,  and  Touraine,  1360 ; 

Nemom-s,  1404; 

Valois,  1406 ; 

Alengon,  1414 ; 

Valentinois,  1498 ; 

Longueville,  1505 ; 

Angouleme,  Veudome,  Chatellerault,  1514. 

All  these  renewals  and  new  creations  were  in  favor  of 
members  and  connections  of  the  royal  house,  except  those 
of  Bar  and  Valentinois,  the  former  being  for  a  prince  of 
Lorraine,  and  the  latter  for  CaBsar  Borgia. 

In  1519  we  have  the  first  instance  of  a  duchy  being 
created  for  a  subject  not  a  kinsman  of  the  King,  namely, 
that  of  Roannais,  which  was  created  in  favor  of  Arthur 
Gouf&er. 

Formerly,  when  a  duchy  was  created,  it  contained  four 
counties,  and  in  accordance  with  the  edicts  of  Charles  IX 
and  Henry  III,  it  was  necessary  that  it  should  yield  a  reve- 
nue of  8,000  ecus ;  but  already  in  the  XVIth  century  aU  that 


PRINCES  OF  THE  BLOOD  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  FRANCE.       7 

was  required  when  a  duchy  was  created  was  that  the  lord- 
ship should  be  one  of  some  importance,  and  at  times  the  fic- 
tion was  resorted  to  of  uniting  under  one  head  lordships  situ- 
ated in  different  provinces.  As  a  duchy  could  not  be  placed 
under  the  suzerainty  of  another  duchy,  this  difficulty  was 
avoided  when  it  was  within  the  territory  of  an  existing  one 
by  placing  it  under  the  suzerainty  of  the  "  Great  Tower  of 
the  Louvre." 

There  were  two  kinds  of  duchies,  the  duche-pairie  and 
the  duche  hereditaire. 

I.    The   Duche-Pairie.i 

The  duche-pairie,  as  its  name  indicates,  carried  with  it  a 
peerage.  In  some  cases  the  peerage  might  lapse  although 
the  duchy  itseK  did  not,  as  the  case  might  be,  according  to 
the  provisions  of  the  erection. 

II.    The  Duche  Hereditaire. 

Duches  hereditaires  were  of  three  kinds : 

(a)  The  duche  ordinaire,  in  which  the  succession  was 
confined  to  heirs  male; 

(b)  The  duche  male  et  femel,  which  in  failure  of  heirs 
male  descended  in  the  female  line ; 

(c)  The  duche  femel,  created  for  a  female  and  descending 
as  the  case  might  be. 

A  duchy  was  created  by  letters-patent,  which  had  to  be 
submitted  to  the  Parliament  of  Paris  for  registration 
within  a  year  from  the  date  of  their  issue,  and  when  regis- 
tered, to  the  Cour  des  Comptes.  In  case  Parliament  refused 
the  registration  of  the  letters-patent,  they  lapsed  on  the  death 
of  the  grantee,  unless  revived  by  what  were  known  as 
"Lettres  de  Surannation." 

Under  the  last  kings  there  existed  also  another  kind  of 
duke,  but  not  of  duchy,  namely,  the  "  due  h  brevet,"  simply 
a  dignity,  created  for  life. 

1  For  list  of  ducbes-pairie,  see  Fairies,  page  25. 


8       PRINCES  OF  THE  BLOOD  OF  THE   HOUSE   OF  FRANCE. 

LIST    OF  DITCHES  HEREDITAIRES. 

Aiguillon  (Guienne). 

Duplessis  1704-1800. 
Albr§t  (Gascony). 

Hemy  II,  king  of  Navarre  1555. 
Angoul^me. 

Valois-Auvergne  1620-1653. 
Auvergne. 

Bourbon  1400-1527. 
Ayen  (  ). 

Noailles  1737. 
Bar. 

Lorraine  1354-1735. 
Beaufort  (Champaign). 

Montmorency-Luxemburg  1688-1689.1 
Beaumont  (Isle-of-Franee). 

Montmorency-Luxemburg  1765-1878. 
Beaumont-au-Maine  (Maine). 

Alengon  and  Bourbon-Vendome  1543-1589. 
Beaupreau  (Anjou). 

Bourbon-la-Roche-sur-Yon  1562-1578. 
Bournonville  (Boulonnais). 

Bournonville  1600. 
Broglie  (Normandy). 

Brogliel742.* 
Carignan  (Luxemburg). 

Savoy-Carignan  1661-1734. 
Chartres. 

Renee  of  France,  duchess  of  Ferrara  1528-1575. 

Anne  of  Este,  duchess  of  Guise  and  Nemours  1575- 
1607. 

Savoy-Nemours  1607-1623. 
Chateauroux  (Berry). 

Claire  Clemence  of  Maille,  princess  of  Conde  1639- 
1694. 

Bourbon-Conde  1694. 

1  Name  changed  to  Montmorency,  see  Montmorency,  page  11. 


PRINCES  OF  THE  BLOOD  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  FRANCE.   9 

Chatellerault  (Poitou). 

Boiu'bon  1515-1527. 

Louisa  of  Savoy  1527-1531. 

James  Hamilton  2d  earl  of  Arran  1548-1563.^ 

Diana,  duchess  of  Angouleme  1563-1582. 

Bourbon-Montpensier  1 583-1627. 

Anne  Mary  Louisa  of  Orleans  1627-1693. 

Orleans  1693-1694. 
Chatillon-sur-Loing  (Orleannais). 

Montmorency-Luxemburg  1696-1795. 
Chevreuse  (Isle-of-France). 

Brosse  1545-1547. 

Lorraine-Guise  1555-1612. 

Albert  1657-1667. 
Coigny  (Normandy). 

Coigny  1747-1787.2 
Croy  (Picardy). 

Croy  1598-1612. 
Damville  (Normandy). 

La  Rochefoucault  1732. 
Duras  (Guienne). 

Durfort  1689-1858. 
Estouteville  (Normandy). 

Estouteville  and  Bourbon-Vendome  1534-1546. 

Orleans-Longueville. 

Princes  of  Monaco. 
Estampes  (Beauce). 

Anne  of  Pisseleu  1536-1565 

John  Casimir,  count  palatine  of  the  Rhine  1576-1577. 

Catherine  of  Lorraine-Guise,  duchess  of  Montpensier 
1580-1582. 

Margaret  of  France,  queen  of  Navarre  1582-1598. 

Gabrielle  of  Estrees  1598-1599. 

Vendome  1599-1712. 


1  The  title  of  duke  of  Chatellerault  is  claimed  and  borne  by  both 
the  dukes  of  Abercorn  and  Hamilton. 

2  Erected  into  a  peerage,  see  page  29. 

2 


10  PRINCES  OF  THE  BLOOD  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  FRANCE. 

Gisors  (Normandy). 

Fouquet  1742-1748. 
Harcourt  (Normandy). 

Harcourt  1700-1710.1 
Hostun  (Daupliiny). 

Hostun  1712-1715.2 
Humi^res  (Artois). 

Crevant  1690-1708. 
Laforce  (Guienne). 

Nompar  de  Caumont  1787-1838. 
Larocheguyon  (Vexin). 

La  Rochefoucault  1679-1713. 
Lauzun  (Guienne). 

Nompar  de  Caumont  1692-1723. 
Laval  (Maine). 

Montmorency-Luxemburg  1758-1851. 
Levis  (Bourbonuais). 

Levis  1784. 
Longueville  (Normandy). 

Orleans-Longueville  1505-1694. 
Lorges^  (Brittany). 

Durfort  1706-1770. 

Durfort-Civrac  1773. 
Loudun  (Poitou). 

Frances  of  Rohan  1580. 
Maille  (Brittany). 

Maille  1784. 
Mercoeur  (Auvergne). 

Mary  Anne  of  Bourbon,  duchess  dowager  of  Vendome 
1712-1718. 

Anne  of  Bavaria,  princess  dowager  of  Conde  1718- 
1723. 

Bourbon-Conty  1723-1770. 
Montargis  (Orleannais). 

Renee  of  France,  duchess  of  Ferrara  1528-1575. 

1  Erected  into  a  peerage,  see  page  31. 

2  Erected  into  a  peerage,  see  page  31. 
•i  See  Quintin,  page  11. 


PRINCES  OF   THE  BLOOD  OF  THE  HOUSE   OF  FRANCE.    11 

Anne  of  Este,  duchess  of  Guise  and  Nemours  1575- 

1607. 
Lorraine-Guise  1607-1612. 
Monfort  (Isle  of  France). 

Albert  1692. 
Montmorency  ^  (Champaign). 

Montmorency-Luxemburg  1689. 
Nemours  (Gastinois). 

Graville  1477-1491. 

Medici  1515-1528. 

Savoy-Nemours  1528-1659. 
Pont-de-Vaux  (Bresse). 

Gorrevod  1627-1681. 
Quintin  -  (Brittany). 

Durfort  1691-1706. 
Roannais  (Forez). 

GoufQer  1566-1612.3 

Aubusson  1667,4 
Royan  (Saint-Ouge). 

La  TremoiUe  1707-1733. 
Thouars  (Poitou). 

La  TremoiUe  1563-1595.5 
Uzes  (Languedoc). 

Crussol  1565-1573.6 
Valentinois  (Dauphiny). 

Ca3sar  Borgia  1498-1507. 

Diana  of  Poitiers  1548-1571. 
Ventadour  (Limousin). 

Levis  1578-1594.7 
Villemor  (Champaign). 

Seguier  1650-1672. 

1  See  Beaufort,  page  8. 

2  Name  changed  to  Lorges,  see  Lorges,  page  10. 

3  Erected  into  a  peerage,  see  page  34. 

4  Erected  into  a  peerage,  see  page  34. 

5  Erected  into  a  peerage,  see  page  35. 

6  Erected  into  a  peerage,  see  page  35. 

7  Erected  into  a  peerage,  see  page  36. 


12    PRINCES  OP  THE  BLOOD   OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  FRANCE. 

Villeqxiier  (Normandy). 

Aumont  1759. 
Villars  (Isle-of-France). 

Villars  1705-1709.1 
Villars-Brancas  (Provence). 

Braucas  1627-1652.2 


PRINCES    AND    PRINCIPALITIES. 

The  title  of  prince  was  originally  confined  to  members  of 
the  royal  house,  and  of  sovereign  houses  domiciled  in 
France,  such  as  Lorraine,  Savoy,  Cleves,  Gronzaga,  etc. ;  in 
time,  however,  the  title  was  assumed  by  members  of  the 
higher  nobility. 

The  subject  may  be  treated  under  two  heads:  '^Princi- 
palities constituted  by  Ancient  Usage  or  Creation,"  and 
''  Fiefs  which  have  furnished  the  Title  of  Prince  to  Mem- 
bers of  the  Royal  and  other  Houses." 


List  of  Principalities  constituted  by  Ancient 
Usage  or  Creation. 

Antibes  (Provence),  ancient  sirerie  with  the  title  of 
principality  ;  ceded  to  France  in  1608. 

Arches,  or  Cbarleville  (Champaign),  formerly  a  pos- 
session of  the  counts  of  Rethel,  from  whom  it  passed  to  the 
house  of  Gonzaga. 

Argentan  (Berry),  principality  since  the  Xth  century. 

Beam,  sovereign  principality ;  united  to  France  on  the 
accession  of  Henry  IV. 


1  Erected  into  a  peerage,  see  page  36. 

2  Erected  into  a  peerage,  see  page  36. 


PRINCES   OF   THE   BLOOD   OF   THE   HOUSE   OF   FRANCE.    13 

Bidache  (Beam),  a  possession  of  the  house  of  Aure ; 
furnishes  the  title  to  the  head  of  the  same,  the  duke  of 
Gramont. 

Charleville,  see  Arches. 

Chateau-Porcien  (Champaign),  erected  into  a  princi- 
pality in  1561  in  favor  of  the  house  of  Croy ;  the  house  of 
Gonzaga  held  it  from  1608  to  1688,  when  it  passed  to  that 
of  la  Porte. 

Chateau-Renaud  (Champaign),  formerly  a  possession 
of  the  counts  of  Reth^l ;  purchased  by  the  crown  in  1629. 

Deols  (Berry),  ancient  principality. 

Dombes,  sovereign  principality ;  purchased  by  the  crown 
in  1762. 

Donz^re  (Dauphiny),  formerly  owned  by  the  bishops  of 
Verviers. 

Enrichemont,  see  Henrichemont. 

Espinoy  (Artois),  erected  into  a  principality  by  the 
emperor  Charles  V  in  1545  in  favor  of  the  house  of  Melun ; 
owned  since  1714  by  the  house  of  Rohan-Soubise. 

Gracjay  (Berry),  principality  since  the  IXth  century. 

Guemene  (Brittany),  erected  into  a  principality  in  1570 
in  favor  of  the  house  of  Rohan. 

Henrichemont,  or  Enrichemont  (Berry) ;  in  1598  the 
fiefs  of  Henrichemont  and  Boisbelle  were  united  and  erected 
into  a  principality  in  favor  of  the  house  of  Bethune. 

Joinville  (Champaign),  sirerie  erected  into  a  princi- 
pality in  1551  in  favor  of  the  house  of  Lorraine-Guise. 

Issoudun  (Berry),  principality  since  the  Xth  century. 

Ivetot  (Normandy),  very  ancient  principality. 

Liini^res  (Berry),  principality  since  the  Xlth  century. 

Martigues  (Provence),  erected  into  a  principality  by 
Henry  IV  in  favor  of  Mary  of  Luxemburg,  duchess  of 
Mercoeur;  passed  by  descent  to  the  house  of  Vendomej 
sold  1714  to  the  house  of  Villars. 

Mercoeur  (Auvergne),  erected  into  a  principality  in 
1569  in  favor  of  Nicholas  of  Lorraine;  erected  into  a 
duche-pairie  in  his  favor  in  1576. 

Orange,  sovereign  principality;  ceded  to  France  in  1713 


14    PRINCES   OF  THE   BLOOD  OF  THE   HOUSE  OF   FRANCE. 

by  the  Treaty  of  Utrecht ;  furnishes  the  title  to  the  branch 
of  the  house  of  Nassau  reigning  in  the  Netherlands. 

Phalsburg  (Lorraine),  erected  by  the  emperor  Ferdi- 
nand III  into  a  principality  in  favor  of  Henrietta  of  Lorraine, 
sister  of  Charles  IV,  duke  of  Lorraine. 

Sedan,  sovereign  principality ;  ceded  to  France  in  1642. 

Tingry  (Picardy),  erected  into  a  principality  in  1587  in 
favor  of  the  duke  of  Piney ;  has  furnished  the  title  of  prince 
to  members  of  the  houses  of  Montmorency-Luxemburg  and 
Albert. 


Liist  of  Fiefs  which  have  furnished  the  Title  of 

Prince  to  Members  of  the  Royal  and  other 

Houses. 

Amblise  (Belgium)  fui-nished  the  title  to  members  of 
the  house  of  Anglure. 

Anet  (Chartrain)  styled  principality  in  the  XVIth  cen- 
tury, when  it  passed  to  the  house  of  Lorraine- Aumale ;  no 
one  has  borne  the  title  as  a  principal  one. 

Bouillon  (Belgium)  furnished  the  title  to  members  of 
the  house  of  la  Tour  d'Auvergne. 

Bournonville  (Bolounnais)  furnished  the  title  to  mem- 
bers of  the  house  of  Henin. 

Carency  (Artois)  styled  principality  from  having  at  one 
time  been  in  the  possession  and  fm-nished  the  title  to  mem- 
bers of  the  house  of  Bourbon-Carency. 

Carignan  (Luxemburg)  furnished  the  title  to  the  house 
of  Savoy-Carignan. 

Chabannais  (Angoumois)  fui-nished  the  title  to  mem- 
bers of  the  first  house  of  Vendome. 

Chalais  (Perigord)  furnished  the  title  to  members  of 
the  house  of  Talleyrand. 

Chatelaillon  (Poitou)  furnished  the  title  to  Louis  I  of 
Orleans,  duke  of  Longueville. 


PRINCES  OF  THE  BLOOD  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  FRANCE.  15 

Commercy  (Lorraine)  furnislied  the  title  to  a  member 
of  the  house  of  Lorraine-Lillebonne. 

Conde  (Brie)  furnished  the  title  to  the  house  of  Bourbon- 
Conde;  from  1845  to  1866  to  Louis  Philip  of  Orleans  son 
of  the  duke  of  Aumale. 

Conty  (Picardy)  furnished  the  title  to  the  house  of 
Bourbon-Couty. 

Elbeuf  (Normandy)  furnished  the  title  to  members  of 
the  house  of  Lorraine-Elbeuf . 

Grimberg  (Belgium)  furnished  the  title  to  members  of 
the  house  of  Albert. 

Guise  (County  of  Guise-sur-Moselle,  Lorraine)  furnished 
the  title  to  members  of  the  house  of  Lorraine-Hareourt. 

Harcourt  (Normandy)  furnished  the  title  to  members 
of  the  house  of  Lorraine-Hareourt. 

Isle-sur-Montreal  (Languedoc)  furnished  the  title  to 
members  of  the  house  of  Maille. 

Lamballe  (Brittany)  furnished  the  title  from  1747  to 
1768  to  Louis-Alexander  of  Bourbon-Toulouse  son  of  the 
duke  of  Penthievre. 

Liambesc  (Provence)  furnished  the  title  to  members  of 
the  house  of  Lorraine- Armagnac. 

La-E-oche-sur-Yon,  see  Roche-sur-Yon. 

Leon  (Brittany)  furnishes  the  title  to  members  of  the 
house  of  Rohan-Chabot. 

Liixheim,  see  Lixin. 

Liixin  or  Lixheim  (Lorraine)  furnished  the  title  to 
a  member  of  the  house  of  Lorraine-Elbeuf. 

Marcillac  (Augoumois)  furnished  the  title  to  members 
of  the  house  of  la  Rochefoucault. 

Maubuisson  (Isle-of -France)  furnished  the  title  to  mem- 
bers of  the  houses  of  Levis  and  Rohan. 

Montauban  (Brittany)  furnishes  the  title  to  members 
of  the  house  of  Rohan. 

Montbazon  (Touraine)  furnishes  the  title  to  members 
of  the  house  of  Rohan. 

Montlaur  (Dauphiny)  furnished  the  title  to  members 
of  the  houses  of  Crequi  and  Lorraine-Hareourt. 


16    PRINCES   OF   THE   BLOOD   OF   THE   HOUSE   OF  PRANCE. 

Montmorency^  (Champaign)  furnished  the  title  to  mem- 
bers of  a  junior  line  of  the  house  of  Montmorency. 

Mortagne  (Saint-Onge)  fm-nished  the  title  to  members 
of  the  house  of  Lorraiue-Harcourt. 

Poix  (Picardy)  furnished  the  title  to  members  of  the 
house  of  Crequi;  and  now  to  members  of  a  junior  branch 
of  the  house  of  Noailles. 

Pons  (Saiut-Onge)  furnished  the  title  to  members  of  the 
house  of  Albert. 

Raucourt  (Luxemburg)  furnished  the  title  to  members 
of  the  house  of  la  Tour  d'Auvergne. 

Rochefort  (Brittany)  furnishes  the  title  to  members  of 
the  house  of  Rohan. 

Roche-sur-Yon,  (la),  (Poitou)  furnished  the  title  to 
members  of  the  houses  of  Bourbon-la-Roche-sur-Yon  and 
Bourbon-Conty. 

Rubenpre  (Belgium)  furnished  the  title  to  members  of 
the  house  of  Maille. 

Soubise  (Brittany)  furnishes  the  title  to  members  of  the 
house  of  Rohan, 

Soyons  (Vivarais)  furnished  the  title  to  members  of  the 
house  of  Crussol  and  to  the  bishops  of  Valence. 

Talmond  (Saint-Onge)  fm-nishes  the  title  to  members 
of  the  house  of  la  Tremoille. 

Tancarville  (Normandy)  furnished  the  title  to  mem- 
bers of  the  house  of  Montmorency-Luxemburg. 

Tarente  (Italy)  furnishes  the  title  to  members  of  the 
house  of  la  Tremoille. 

Tonnay-Charente  (Saint-Onge)  furnishes  the  title  to 
members  of  the  house  of  Rochechouart. 

Turenne  (Auvergne)  furnished  the  title  to  members  of 
the  house  of  la  Tour  d' Auvergne. 

Vaudemont  (Lorraine)  furnished  the  title  to  members 
of  the  house  of  Lorraine. 

Vergaigne  (Spain)  furnished  the  title  in  1709  to  a 
member  of  the  house  of  Mazarin. 


Originally  Beaufort,  name  changed  in  1689. 


PRINCES  OF  THE  BLOOD   OF  THE   HOUSE  OF  FRANCE.    17 

PRINCES    OF    THE    ROYAL    HOUSE. 

The  subject  may  be  treated  under  two  heads :  "  Princes 
belonging  to  the  Immediate  Family  of  the  Sovereign  "  and 
"  Princes  of  the  Blood." 


Princes  belonging  to  the  Immediate  Family  of 
the  Sovereign. 

This  class  consisted  of  the  King's  sons,  his  brothers,  and 
the  sons  of  the  Dauphin ;  they  alone  were  styled  "  Royal 
Highness  "  and  bore  the  patronymic  "  France  " ;  they  were 
respectively  "  children  "  and  "  grandchildren  of  France." 

From  the  time  of  Philip  VI,  the  Bang's  second  son 
received,  when  not  already  occupied,  the  title  of  duke  of 
Orleans,  the  third  son  that  of  duke  of  Anjou,  and  the  fourth 
that  of  duke  of  Berry. 


Princes  of  the  Blood. 

Princes  of  the  blood  were  the  descendants  of  the  younger 
sons  and  of  the  brothers  of  the  King;  they  bore  as  patro- 
nymic the  name  of  the  title  of  their  immediate  ancestor. 
The  member  of  this  entire  class,  the  nearest  in  the  line  of 
succession  to  the  crown,  was  styled  "  first  prince  of  the 
blood." 

The  following  are  instances  of  this  class : 

Robert,  count  of  Dreux,  son  of  Louis  VI,  founded 
the  line  of  that  name,  extinct  in  1514. 

Robert,  count  of  Artois,  son  of  Louis  VIII,  founded 
the  line  of  that  name,  extinct  in  1472. 

Charles,  count  of  Anjou,  son  of  Louis  VIII,  founded 
a  line  of  that  name,  extinct  in  1435. 

Robert,  count  of  Clermont,  son  of  Louis  IX,  was 
founder  of  a  line  which  bore  originally  the  name  of  Cler- 


18    PRINCES  OF  THE   BLOOD   OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  FRANCE. 

mont,  but  that  county  having  been  returned  to  the  crown, 
the  counts  took  that  of  Bourbon,  of  which  fief  they  were 
dukes.     This  line  came  to  the  throne  in  1589. 

Louis,  count  of  Evreux,  son  of  Philip  III,  founded 
the  line  of  that  name,  extinct  in  1441. 

Charles,  count  of  Valois,  son  of  Philip  III,  founded 
the  lines  of  Valois  and  Alen(jon. 

liOuis,  duke  of  Anjou,  son  of  John  II,  founded  a  line 
of  that  name,  extinct  in  1481. 

John,  duke  of  Berry,  son  of  John  II,  founded  the  line 
of  that  name,  extinct  in  1416. 

Philip,  duke  of  Burgundy,  son  of  John  II,  founded 
the  second  line  of  Burgundy,  extinct  in  1491. 

Louis,  duke  of  Orleans,  son  of  Charles  V,  founded 
the  first  line  of  Orleans,  which  came  to  the  throne  in 
1498. 

Philip,  duke  of  Orleans,  son  of  Louis  XIII,  founded 
the  present  house  of  Orleans. 

By  the  edict  of  1576,  princes  of  the  King's  family  and 
princes  of  the  blood  who  were  peers  took  precedence  of  all 
other  peers ;  by  the  edict  of  1711,  these  princes,  whether 
peers  or  not,  took  precedence  of  all  peers. 


MARQUISATES. 


Marquisates  by  virtue  of  the  edicts  of  Charles  IX  and 
Henry  III  were  required  to  consist  of  three  baronies  and 
six  chateUenies,  and  were  held  immediately  of  the  crown. 
But  one  marquisate,  that  of  Coucy,  had  a  peerage  connected 
with  it. 


PRINCES  OF  THE  BLOOD  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  FRANCE.  19 

COUNTIES    AND    COUNTS. 


^13^^^ 


Counties  under  the  edicts  of  Charles  IX  and  Henry  III 
contained  two  baronies  and  three  chatellenies,  or  one 
barony  and  six  chatellenies. 

There  were  formerly  two  kinds  of  counts,  the  count  who 
exercised  jurisdiction  under  a  duke,  and  the  count  palatine 
of  France. 

Counts  palatine  of  France,  called  also  counts  of  the 
palace,  derived  their  name  from  the  fact  that  originally 
they  administered  justice  in  the  palace  of  the  King. 

The  count  of  Champaign  was  the  first  count  to  adopt  the 
designation  of  "  Count  palatine  of  France,"  to  show  that 
he  received  his  investiture  from  the  King  of  France  and 
not  from  the  Emperor. 

Counts  palatine  date  back  to  the  early  days  of  the 
Frankish  monarchy  and  still  existed  under  the  third  race. 

The  principal  French  counties  palatine  were  those  of 
Champaign,  Guienne,  Flanders,  and  Toulouse. 


VISCOUNTIES    AND    VISCOUNTS. 


No  law  regulated  the  number  of  fiefs  necessary  to  consti- 
'  tute  a  viscounty.  There  is  no  instance  of  a  viscounty  with 
a  peerage  connected  with  it. 

There  were  three  kinds  of  viscounts :  those  who  exercised 
theii-  functions  under  a  count,  those  who  exercised  their 


20  PRINCES    OF  THE   BLOOD  OF  THE   HOUSE  OF   FRANCE. 

functions  under  a  count  palatine,  and  those  who  held  their 
viscounties  immediately  of  the  King,  such  as  the  viscounts 
of  Turenne  and  Melun. 


BARON'IES. 


Baronies  under  the  edicts  of  Charles  IX  and  Henry  III 
had  to  contain  no  less  than  three  chatellenies. 

There  were  two  kinds  of  baronies,  the  ordinary  one  held 
of  a  higher  fief,  and  the  barony  of  France,  or  sirerie,  held 
immediately  of  the  Bang. 

There  were  but  few  sireries,  the  most  prominent  were 
those  of  Coucy,  Bourbon,  Beaujeu,  Joinville,  and  Sully. 

In  time  the  name  of  sirerie  disappeared,  from  the  fact 
that  the  sireries  fell  to  the  crown  or  that  their  holders  were 
raised  in  rank. 


CHATELLENIES. 

A  chatellenie  under  the  edicts  of  Charles  IX  and  Henry 
III,  was  a  fief  having  ''haute,"  "moyenne,"  and  ''basse 
justice." 


VIDAMERIES    AND    VIDAMES. 


There  was  still  another  class  of  nobility,  which  had,  how- 
ever, a  very  limited  membership,  that  of  the  vidames.    A 


PRINCES  OP  THE  BLOOD  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  PRANCE.  21 

vidame  was  formerly  the  officer  charged  with  the  adminis- 
tration of  justice  in  a  bishopric  and  of  caring  for  many  of 
the  temporal  matters  of  the  see,  more  especially  of  military 
matters. 

In  time  vidameries  became  fiefs  and  were  hereditary. 

A  vidamerie  took  its  name  from  the  bishopric  with  which 
it  was  connected,  and  was  held  of  the  same,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  vidamerie  of  Normandy,  which  was  held  of  the 
crown. 

The  vidamerie  of  Gerberoy  was  annexed  to  the  bishopric 
of  Beauvais,  the  bishop  being  vidame  of  Gerberoy. 

Later  all  practical  connection  between  vidameries  and 
bishoprics  ceased. 


THE   APPANAGE. 

An  appanage  was  the  provision  made  by  the  crown  for 
a  prince  of  the  royal  house  in  order  to  enable  him  to  main- 
tain his  dignity. 

The  first  six  Kings  of  the  third  race  in  order  to  guarantee 
the  succession  to  the  entire  realm  to  their  elder  sons,  took 
the  precaution  of  having  them  "  sacre "  while  still  on  the 
throne  and  shared  with  them  from  that  time  forward  the 
exercise  of  the  royal  power.  In  course  of  time  the  prin- 
ciple of  the  succession  of  the  eldest  son  became  a  fixed 
usage  and  law ;  but  as  under  this  arrangement  no  provision 
was  made  for  the  junior  members  of  the  royal  house,  the 
system  of  the  appanage  was  introduced. 

As  Rageau  defines  it :  '^  In  the  house  of  France  there  is 
no  partage,  but  there  is  appanage,  and  this  only  since  the 
accession  of  the  third  line  of  Kings ;  prior  to  that  time  there 
was  partage  of  the  empire." 

Under  some  of  the  early  Kings  of  the  third  race,  the 
crown  domain  was  of  such  limited  extent  that  the  King 
could  give  the  princes  but  very  meagre  appanages,  and  in 
some  cases  none  at  all.    The  King,  therefore,  endeavored  to 


22    PRINCES  OF  THE   BLOOD  OF   THE   HOUSE  OF  FRANCE. 

marry  the  princes  to  the  heiresses  of  great  houses;  e.g., 
Hugo,  son  of  Henry  I,  married  the  heiress  of  Vermandois; 
Peter,  son  of  Louis  VI,  the  heiress  of  Courtenai ;  Philip, 
son  of  Philip  II,  the  heiress  of  Boulogne,  and,  finally, 
Robert,  son  of  Louis  IX,  the  heiress  of  Bourbon. 

In  the  early  times  the  reversion  of  the  appanage  was 
subject  to  no  fixed  law,  but  depended  upon  the  good  will  of 
the  grantor.  Originally  the  appanage  was  granted  in  fee 
simple,  later  a  clause  of  reversion  was  added,  and  shortly 
afterwards  the  succession  to  the  appanage  was  restricted  to 
heirs  male. 

There  are  three  epochs  in  the  history  of  appanages :  first 
from  Hugues  Capet,  987,  to  Philip  II,  1180 ;  second  from 
Louis  VIII,  1223,  to  Philip  IV,  1285,  and  thii-d  from  Philip 
IV  to  the  Revolution. 

During  the  first  period  there  appear  to  have  been  no  stip- 
ulations regarding  reversion;  during  the  second  period, 
appanages  increasing  in  number,  some  rules  were  adopted, 
introducing  and  regulating  reversion.  In  the  grants  of 
appanages  under  Louis  IX  it  was  laid  down,  that  should 
the  appanagee  leave  no  heir  of  his  body  (sine  herede  corporis 
sui)  the  appanage  was  to  revert  to  the  crown ;  in  default  of 
heirs  male,  females  could  succeed. 

After  the  reversion  to  the  crown,  under  Louis  XI  of  Bur- 
gundy and  Provence,  and  the  acquisition  of  Brittany  in 
1532,  there  were  no  longer  any  great  vassals  of  the  crown ; 
many  of  the  original  appanages  had  lapsed,  and  the  privi- 
leges and  jurisdictions  possessed  by  the  nobles,  although 
still  in  many  cases  very  great,  were  thereafter  held  and 
exercised  in  strict  subordination  to  the  royal  authority. 

In  1566  Charles  IX  issued  an  edict  settling  the  status  of 
appanages ;  this  edict  was  in  the  nature  of  a  statute  declara- 
tory, giving  the  force  of  written  law  to  usages  existing 
from  the  time  of  Charles  V.  This  is  the  first  written  enact- 
ment limiting  rights  of  appanages  and  subjecting  them  to 
definite  rules. 

The  edict  of  1566  recognized  but  two  kinds  of  alienation 
of  the  royal  domain,  that  of  ''appanage"  and  that  of  "en- 


PRINCES  OF  THE  BLOOD  OF  THE  HOUSE  OP   FRANCE.    23 

gagemeut,"  and  stipulated  for  the  reversion  of  the  appanage 
on  the  extinction  of  the  male  line. 

When  the  appanagee  died  he  was  succeeded  by  the  heir 
male,  the  succession  being  based  upon  the  same  rules  that 
governed  that  to  the  crown.  In  case  the  appanagee  came 
to  the  throne,  his  appanage  reverted  to  the  crown  and  did 
not  pass  to  the  next  senior  member  of  the  new  King's  house, 
when  such  existed ;  e.  g.,  when  Louis  of  Orleans  duke  of 
Orleans  became  King  under  the  name  of  Louis  XII,  his 
appanage  did  not  pass  to  the  next  senior  member  of  the 
house  of  Orleans,  the  count  of  Angouleme,  but  returned  to 
the  domain. 

In  order  the  better  to  understand  the  nature  of  an 
appanage,  it  is  desii-able  to  consider  the  other  form  of 
alienation  of  the  crown  domain  authorized  by  the  edict  of 
Charles  IX,  namely  the  ''  engagement." 

"  Engagement "  was  a  sale  by  the  crown  of  a  portion  of 
the  royal  domain,  subject  to  a  perpetual  right  of  redemp- 
tion, carrying  with  it  the  "  droits  utiles  "  but  not  the  "  droits 
honoriflques." 

The  appanagee  became  seized  of  all  the  honorary  titles 
attached  to  the  fiefs  forming  his  appanage ;  he  could  style 
himself  duke,  count,  etc.,  as  the  case  might  be,  according  to 
the  rank  of  his  fiefs ;  but  the  "  engagiste"  was  not  author- 
ized to  do  so,  he  could  only  style  himself  lord  by  "  engage- 
ment "  of  such  and  such  a  fief. 

The  appanagee  was  entitled  to  all  the  feudal  rights 
attached  to  his  lordships,  as  weU  "  utiles  "  as  '^  honorifiques"; 
the  latter  were  denied  to  the  "  engagiste,"  remaining  vested 
in  the  crown. 

In  the  lands  of  the  appanagee  justice  was  administered 
in  his  name,  whereas  in  those  of  the  "  engagiste,"  it  ran  in 
the  name  of  the  King. 

The  ^' engagiste"  had  one  advantage  over  the  appanagee, 
his  interest  could  be  alienated;  the  appanagee  was  not 
allowed  to  alienate  any  portion  of  the  appanage ;  should  he 
however  grant  a  part  of  the  same  to  junior  members  of  his 
house,  which  he  was  allowed  to  do,  it  could  not  leave  their 


24    PRINCES   OF  THE   BLOOD   OF  THE   HOUSE   OF  FRANCE. 

hands,  and  on  their  death  without  issue,  it  reverted  to  him, 
and  should  he  ascend  the  throne,  the  whole  appanage  had 
to  be  forthcoming,  to  return  to  the  royal  domain. 


THE    PEERAGE. 

The  peerage  was  of  two  kinds,  ecclesiastical  and  lay,  and 
embraced  five  orders  of  fiefs :  duchies,  marquisates,  counties, 
baronies,  and  chatellenies. 

Originally  there  were  but  thirteen  peerages,  six  ecclesias- 
tical, to  wit : 

the  archbishopric  duchy  of  Rheims, 

the  bishopric  duchy  of  Laon, 

the  bishopric  duchy  of  Langres, 

the  bishopric  county  of  Beauvais, 

the  bishopric  county  of  Chalons, 

the  bishopric  county  of  Noyon ; 
and  seven  lay  ones,  to  wit : 

the  duchy  of  France, 

the  duchy  of  Burgundy, 

the  duchy  of  Guienne, 

the  duchy  of  Normandy, 

the  county  of  Champaign, 

the  county  of  Toulouse, 

the  county  of  Flanders. 

When  Hugues  Capet  duke  of  France  ascended  the  throne 
in  987  the  duchy  of  France  was  returned  to  the  crown 
domain,  and  the  number  of  lay  peerages  was  reduced  to  six. 

After  the  crown  had  absorbed  the  remaining  six  lay  peer- 
ages, it  created  new  ones,  and  later  even  revived  some  of 
the  original  ones.  Originally  these  new  creations  were 
only  in  favor  of  members  of  the  royal  house ;  in  course  of 
time,  however,  they  were  extended  to  ordinary  subjects. 

The  first  prince  created  peer  under  the  new  order  of 
things  was  John  of  Dreux,  in  whose  favor  the  duchy  of 


PRINCES  OP  THE  BLOOD   OF  THE  HOUSE  OF   FRANCE.    25 

Brittany  was  erected  into  a  peerage  in  1297 ;  the  first  ordi- 
nary subject  made  a  peer  was  Arthur  Gouffier,  who  was 
created  duke  peer  of  Roannais  in  1519. 

The  number  of  lay  peerages  went  on  increasing,  and 
when  Henry  III  came  to  the  throne  in  1574  there  were  eight, 
which  at  the  time  of  his  death  in  1589  had  grown  to  eight- 
teen.  Peerages  became  so  numerous  under  succeeding 
reigns  that  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  Revolution  the  order 
had  lost  much  of  its  prestige. 

The  original  lay  peers  took  an  active  part  in  the  ceremony 
of  the  King's  coronation ;  on  the  extinction  of  these  peer- 
ages these  functions  were  not  exercised  by  new  peers,  but 
by  deputy,  in  the  name  of  the  original  peers. 

A  layi  peerage,  under  the  new  order  of  things,  was 
erected  by  letters  patent  and  the  same  formalities  were 
pursued  as  in  the  erection  of  a  duchy. 

Lay  peerages  descended  in  the  manner  prescribed  by  the 
letters  patent.  As  a  rule,  however,  the  descent  was  confined 
to  the  male  line. 

All  peers  had  seats  in  the  parliament  of  Paris. 


lilST    OF    ECCLESIASTICAL    PEERAGES. 

Beauvais  (bishopric  county). 
Chalons  (bishopric  county). 
Langres  (bishopric  duchy). 
Laon  (bishopric  duchy). 
Noyon  (bishopric  county). 
Hheims  (archbishopric  duchy). 


LIST    OF    LAY    PEERAGES. 

Duchies. 
Aiguillon  (Guienne). 

Lorraine-Guise  1600-1621. 

1  No  new  ecclesiastical  peerage  was  ever  created. 


26    PRINCES  OF  THE  BLOOD  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  FRANCE. 

L'Age  1634-1635. 

Vignerot  1638-1704. 
Albr§t  (Gascony). 

Albret  1550-1556. 

Bourbon-Vendoine  1556-1589. 

la  Tour  d'Auvergne  1652. 

Bourbon-Conde  1662. 
Alencon^  (Normandy). 

AlenQon  1415-1524. 

Francis  of  France,  duke  of  Alengon  1566-1584, 

Charles  of  France,  duke  of  Berry  1710-1714. 

Louis  XVIII 1774-1793. 
Angouleine  ^  (Augoumois). 

Louisa  of  Savoy,  1515-1531. 

Charles  of  France,  duke  of  Orleans  1540-1545. 

Charles  of  France,  duke  of  Berry  1710-1714. 

Charles  X  1773-1824. 
Aiijou.3 

Anjou  1360-1480. 

Henry  III  1566-1574. 

Francis  of  France,  duke  of  AlenQon  1576-1584. 

Louis  XVIII 1771-1793. 
Antin  (Guienne). 

PardaiUan  1711-1757. 
Arpajon  (Languedoc  and  Guienne). 

Arpajon  1650-1679. 
Aubigny  (Berry). 

QuerouaiUe  and  Lenox  1684. 


1  The  title  of  duke  of  Alen^on  was  borne  in  1713  by  Charles  of  Berry, 
son  of  Charles  of  France,  duke  of  Berry ;  it  is  now  borne  by  Ferdinand 
of  Orleans,  second  son  of  the  duke  of  Nemours. 

2  The  title  of  duke  of  Angouleme  was  borne  from  1775  to  1824  by  the 
Dauphin,  son  of  Charles  X. 

3  The  title  of  duke  of  Anjou  was  borne  by  Gaston  of  France,  duke  of 
Orleans  1608-1626 ;  Philip  of  France,  duke  of  Orleans  1640-1661 ;  Philip, 
son  of  Louis  XIV  1668-1671 ;  Louis  Francis  son  of  Louis  XIV  1672 ; 
Philip  V  King  of  Spain  1683-1700 ;  Louis  XV 1710-1712 ;  a  son  of  Louis 
XV  1730-1733. 


PRINCES  OF  THE  BLOOD  OP  THE  HOUSE  OF  FRANCE.  27 

Aumale  (Normandy). 

Lorraine-Guise  1547-1595. 

Savoy-Nemours  1631-1659. 

Bourbon-Maine  1695-1775. 

Bourbon-Toulouse  1775-1793. 

Orleans  1793. 
Aumont  (Champaign). 

Aumont  1665. 
Auvergne. 

John  of  France,  duke  of  Berry  1360-1400. 

Charles  X  1773-1824. 
Beaufort  (Champaign). 

Estrees  and  Vendome  1597-1712. 
Berry.  1 

John  of  France,  duke  of  Berry  1340-1416. 

John  of  France  1416-1417. 

Charles  VII  1417-1422. 

Charles  of  France,  duke  of  Berry  1461-1472. 

Margaret^  queen  of  Navarre  1517-1549. 

Francis  of  France,  duke  of  Alengon  1576-1584. 

Charles  X  1776-1824. 
Bellegarde  (Burgundy). 

Saint-Lary  1620-1646. 
Bethune  (Flanders). 

Bethune  1652-1678. 
Biron  (Perigordais). 

Gontaut  1598-1602. 

Gontaut  1723-1793. 
Boufflers  (Beauvoisis). 

Boufaers  1708-1747. 
Bourbon. 

Bourbon  1327-1527. 

Charles  of  France,  duke  of  Orleans  1543-1545. 

Henry  III  1566-1574. 

1  The  title  of  duke  of  Berry  was  borne  from  1668  to  1714  by  Charles 
of  France,  grandson  of  Loiiis  XIV ;  from  1754  to  1765  by  Louis  XVI, 
and  from  1778  to  1820  by  Charles  Ferdinand  of  Artois,  second  son  of 
Charles  X. 


28    PRINCES  OF  THE   BLOOD  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  FRANCE. 

Bourbon-Conde  1662-1830. 

Henry  of  Orleans,  duke  of  Aumale  1830. 
Bournonville  (Boulouuais). 

Bouruonville  1652-1693. 
Brienne  (Champaign). 

Luxemburg  1587-1605. 
Brissac  (Anjou). 

Cosse  1611. 
Brittany.^ 

Dreux  1297-1532. 
Burgundy.  2 

Burgundy  1001-1361. 

Burgundy  1363-1477. 
Candale  (  ). 

Nogaret  1611-1620. 
Cardonne  (Catalonia). 

La  Motte-Houdancoui't  1652-1657. 
Charost  (Berry). 

Bethune  1673-1800. 
Chartres. 

Gaston  of  France,  duke  of  Orleans  1626-1660. 

Orleans  1661-1830. 
Chateauroux  (Berry). 

Bourbon-Conjde  1616. 

Charles  X  1776-1824. 
Chateauvillain  (Champaign). 

L'Hopital  1650-1679. 

Bourbon-Toulouse  1703-1793. 

Orleans  1793. 
Chateauthierry  (Champaign). 

Francis  of  France,  duke  of  Alencjon  1566-1584. 

la  Tour  d'Auvergne  1652. 

1  The  title  of  duke  of  Brittany  was  borne  from  1532  to  1536  by- 
Francis,  eldest  son  of  Francis  I ;  from  1539  to  1546  by  Henry  II ;  from 
1704  to  1705  and  from  1707  to  1712  by  two  older  brothers  of  Louis  XV. 

2  The  title  of  duke  of  Burgundy  was  borne  from  1682  to  1711  by  the 
father  of  Louis  XV,  and  from  1751  to  1761  by  Louis  Joseph  Xavier  of 
France,  older  brother  of  Louis  XVI. 


PRINCES  OP  THE   BLOOD  OF  THE  HOUSE   OF  PRANCE.    29 

Chatellerault  (Poitou). 

Bourbon  1515-1527. 

Charles  of  France,  duke  of  Orleans  1540-1545. 
Chatillon  (Poitou). 

ChatiUon  1736-1762. 
Chatillon-sur-Loing  ^  (Orleannais). 

Coliguy  1646-1649. 
Chaulnes  (Picardy). 

Albert  1621-1698. 

Albert  1711. 
Chevreuse  (Isle-of-France). 

Lorraine-Guise  1627-1657. 

Albert  1667. 
Choiseul  (Burgundy  and  Champaign). 

Choiseul  1665-1705. 
Clermont-Tonnerre  (Burgundy). 

Clermont-Tonnerre  1571-1573. 

Clermont-Tonnerre  1775. 
Coigny  (Normandy). 

Franquetot  1787-1865. 
Coislin  (Brittany). 

Cambout  1663-1732. 
Coligny  2  (Orleannais). 

Coligny  1643-1646. 
Coulomniers  (Brie). 

Orleans-Longueville  1656-1663. 
Crequy  (Picardy). 

Blanchefort  1653-1687. 
Damville  (Normandy). 

Montmorency  1610-1632. 

Bourbon-Toulouse  1694-1719. 
Dunois  (Orleannais). 

Orleans-Longueville  1525-1536. 
Duras  (Guienne). 

Durfort  1668-1704. 


1  See  Coligny. 

2  Name  changed  to  Chatillon-sur-Loing,  see  same. 


30    PRINCES   OF  THE   BLOOD  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  FRANCE. 

Elbeuf  (Normandy). 

Lorraine-Guise  1581-1825. 
Enghien  ^  (Isle-of -France). 

Bourbon-Conde  1567-1569. 

Bourbon-Conde  1689-1830. 

Henry  of  Orleans,  duke  of  Aumale  1830. 
Epernon  (Chartrain). 

Nog-aret  1581-1661. 
Estrees  (Soissonnais). 

Estrees  1663-1737. 
Evreux  (Normandy). 

Francis  of  France,  duke  of  Alen^on  1569-1584. 
Eitz-James  (Beauvoisis). 

Fitz-James  1710. 
Fleury  (Languedoc). 

Rosset  1736-1815. 
Fronsac  (Guienne). 

Orleans-Longueville  1609-1631. 

Duplessis  1634-1643. 

MaiUe  1643-1646. 

Duplessis  1646. 
Frontenay  (Saint-Onge). 

Rohan  1626-1640. 
Gesvres  (  ). 

Potier  1670-1794. 
Gisors  (Normandy). 

Fouquet  1748-1761. 
Gramont  (Gascony). 

Aure  1648. 
Grancey  (Champaign). 

Hautemer  1611-1613. 
Graville  (Normandy). 

Charles  of    Bourbon-Conde,   Cardinal   of   Bourbon 
1567-1594. 
Guienne. 

Guienne  Xth  Century  1204. 

Plantagenet  1204-1259. 

1  See  Montmorency. 


PRINCES  OF  THE   BLOOD   OF  THE  HOUSE   OF  PRANCE.    31 

Louis  of  France,  son  of  Charles  VI,  1401-1415. 

Charles  of  France,  duke  of  Berry  1469-1472. 
Guise  (Picardy). 

Lorraine-Guise  1528-1675. 

Bourbon-Conde  1704-1830. 

Henry  of  Orleans,  duke  of  Aumale  1830.^ 
Halwyn  (Picardy). 

Halwyn  1588-1591. 

Halw^m  and  Nogaret  1611-1620. 

Halwyn  and  Schomberg  1620-1656. 
Harcourt  (Normandy). 

Harcourt  1710. 
Hostun  (Dauphiny). 

Hostun  1715 ;  extinct. 
Joyeuse  (Grevaudan). 

Joyeuse  1581-1656. 

Lorraine-Guise  1656-1688. 

Melun  1714-1724. 
la  Ferte  (Orleannais). 

Saint-Nectaire  1665-1705. 
la  Force  (Guienne). 

Caumont  1637-1755. 
la  Meilleraye  (Poitou). 

la  Porte  1663-1738. 
la  Rochefoucault  (Angoumois). 

la  Rochefoucault  1622. 
la  Rocheguyon  (Vexin). 

Duplessis  1663-1674. 
la  Valette  (Angoumois). 

Nogaret  1631-1661. 
la  Valliere  (Anjou). 

la  Baume-le-Blanc    and    Mary  Anne  of   Bourbon, 
princess  of  Conty  1667-1688. 

la  Baume-le-Blanc  1723-1780. 

1  The  title  of  duke  of  Guise  has  been  borne  by  the  following  sons  of 
the  duke  of  Aumale  :    Henry  of  Orleans  1847. 
Francis  of  Orleans  1852. 
Francis  of  Orleans  1854-1872. 


32  PRINCES  OF  THE  BLOOD  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  FRANCE. 

la  Vauguyon  (Guienne). 

quelen  1758-1839. 
Lavedan  ^  (Gascony). 

Montault  1650-1654. 

Montault  1654-1660. 
la  Vieuxville  (Champaign). 

la  Vieux\dlle  1650-1689. 
liesdigui^res  (Dauphiny). 

Bonne  and  Crequy  1620-1711. 
Levis  (Bourbonnais). 

Levis  1723-1734. 
liOuvois  (  ). 

Adelaide  and  Victoire  of  France  1776-1800. 
le  Iiude  (Anjou). 

DaiUon  1675-1685. 
Liuynes  (Touraine). 

Albert  1619. 
Mayenne  (Normandy). 

Lorraine-Guise  1573-1621. 
Mazarin  (Champaign). 

la  Porte  1663-1799. 
Mercoeur  (Auvergne). 

Lorraine-Mercoeur  1576-1603. 

Vendome  1603-1712. 

Charles  X  1773-1824. 
Montault  2  (Gascony). 

Montault  1660-1684. 
Montausier  (Angoumois), 

Sainte-Maure  1665-1690. 
Montbazon  (Touraine). 

Rohan  1588-1589. 

Rohan  1594. 
Montmirail  3  (Vendee). 

la  Tremoille  1657-1666. 


1  Name  changed  to  Montault,  see  same. 

2  See  Lavedan. 

3  See  Noirmoutier. 


PRINCES  OP  THE  BLOOD  OP  THE  HOUSE  OF  PRANCE.  33 

Montmorency  ^  (Isle-of -France). 

Montmorency  1551-1632. 

Bourbon-Conde  1633-1689. 
Montpensier  (Auvergne). 

Bourbon-Montpensier  1538-1627. 

Anne  Mary  Louisa  of  Orleans  1627-1693. 

Orleans  1693. 
Mortemart  (Poitou). 

Rochechouart  1650. 
Nemours  (Gastinois). 

Charles  III,  King  of  Navarre  1404-1425. 

Armagnac  1461-1469. 

Armagnac  1491-1503. 

Gaston  of  Foix  1507-1512. 

Orleans  1672-1830. 
Nevers  (Nivernais). 

Cleves  1539-1564. 

Gonzaga  1566-1652. 

Mazarin  1660-1661. 

Mazarin  1676-1707. 

Mazarin  1720-1798. 
Noailles  (Limousin). 

NoaiUes  1663. 
Noirmoutier  ^  (Vendee). 

La  Tremoille  1650-1657. 
Normandy.^ 

Normandy  IXth  Century  — 1167. 

Plantagenet  1167-1259. 

John  II  1332-1350. 

Charles  V  1355-1364. 

Charles  of  France,  duke  of  Berry  1465. 
Orleans  *  (Orleannais). 

Philip  of  France,  duke  of  Orleans  1344-1375. 

1  Name  changed  to  Enghien,  see  same. 

2  Name  changed  to  Montmirail,  see  same. 

3  Louis  XVII  bore  the  title  of  duke  of  Normandy  from  1785  to  1789. 

4  The  title  of  duke  of  Orleans  was  borne  by  Henry  II  from  1519  to 
1536 ;  by  Louis  son  of  Hem-y  II  from  1548  to  1550  ;  by  Charles  IX  from 
1550  to  1560,  and  by  the  second  son  of  Henry  IV  from  1607  to  1611. 

5 


34    PRINCES  OF  THE   BLOOD  OF  THE  HOUSE   OF  FRANCE. 

Orleans  1362-1498. 

Charles  of  France,  dnke  of  Orleans  1540-1545. 

Gaston  of  France,  duke  of  Orleans  1626-1660. 

Orleans  1661-1830. 
Penthievre  ^  (Brittany). 

Luxemburg  1569-1623. 

Lorraiue-Mercoeur  1623-1669. 

Vendome  1669-1687. 

Bourbon-Toulouse  1697-1793. 

Orleans  1793. 
Piney  (Bassigny). 

Luxemburg  1581-1615. 

Albert  1630-1698. 

Montmorency-Luxemburg  1698-1861. 
Praslin  (Isle-of-France). 

Choiseul  1762. 
Puylaurens  (Languedoc). 

L'Age  1634-1635. 
Eambouillet  (Isle-of-Frauce). 

Bourbon-Toulouse  1711-1783. 
Randan  (Auvergne). 

La  Rochefoucault  and  Foix  1663-1714. 
R^thelois  (Champaign). 

Gonzaga  1581-1652. 
Retz  (Brittany). 

Gondi  1583-1659. 

Gondi  1659-1676. 
Richelieu  (Poitou). 

Duplessis  1631-1821. 
Roannais  (Forez). 

Gouffier  1519. 

Gouffier  1612. 

Aubusson  1667-1725. 
Rohan  (Brittany). 

Rohan  1603-1638. 

Rohan-Chabot  1648-1787. 

1  The  title  of  duke  of  Penthievre  was  borne  by  Charles  of  Orleans, 
son  of  Louis  Philip,  from  1820  to  1828 ;  it  is  now  borne  by  Peter  of 
Orleans,  son  of  the  prince  of  Joinville. 


PRINCES  OF  THE  BLOOD  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF   FRANCE.    35 

Rohan-Rohan  (Saint-Onge). 

Rohan  1714. 
Roquelaure  (Lauguedoc). 

Roquelaure  1652-1683. 

Roquelaure  1683-1748. 
Rosnay  (Champaign). 

L'Hopital  1651-1660. 
Saint-Aignan  (Beny). 

Beauvilliers  1663-1828. 
Saint-Cloud  (Isle-of-France). 

The  archbishops  of  Paris  1674. 
Saint-Fargeau  (Orleannais). 

Bourbon-Moutpensier  1575-1627. 

Anne  Mary  Louisa  of  Orleans  1627-1693. 
Saint-Simon  (Vermandois). 

Roiivroy  1635-1755. 
Stain  ville  (  ). 

Choiseul  1759-1785. 
Sully  (Sologne). 

Bethune  1606-1807. 
Thouars  (Poitou). 

la  Tremoille  1595. 
Touraine. 

Philip  of  France,  duke  of  Burgundy  1360-1363. 

Louis  of  France,  duke  of  Anjou  1363. 

Louis  of  France,  duke  of  Orleans  1386-1392. 

John,  son  of  Charles  VI,  1401-1416. 

Charles  VII  1416-1422. 

Archibald,  4th  earl  of  Douglass  1423-1424. 

Louis  III  of  Anjou,  King  of  Sicily  1424-1434. 

Francis  of  France,  duke  of  Alen^on  1576-1584. 
Tresmes  (Poitou). 

Potier  1648-1794. 
Uzes  (Languedoc). 

Crussol  1573. 
Valentinois  (Dauphiny). 

Monaco  1643-1730. 
Valois  (Isle-of-France). 

Orleans  1406-1498. 


36    PRINCES  OF  THE  BLOOD  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  FRANCE. 

Francis  I  1498-1515. 

Gaston  of  France,  duke  of  Orleans  1630-1660. 

Orleans  1661-1830. 
Vendome  (Orleannais). 

Bourbon-Vendome  1514-1589. 

Vendome  1598-1712. 
Ventadour  (Limousin). 

Levis  1594-1717. 
Verneuil  (Isle-of-France). 

Henry  of  Bourbou-Verneuil  1663-1682. 
Villars  (Isle-of-France). 

ViUars  1709-1770. 
Villars-Brancas  (Provence). 

Brancas  1652-1822. 
Villeroy  (Clastinois). 

Neufville  1651-1794. 


MARQ,UISATE. 


Coucy  (Isle-of-Franee). 
Orleans  1672-1830. 


COUNTIES. 


Angoulenre  (Angoumois). 

Philip,  King  of  Navarre  1325. 

Orleans  1394-1515. 
Anjou. 

Anjou  1246-1328. 

John  II 1332-1350. 


PRINCES  OF  THE  BLOOD  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  FRANCE.  37 

Artois. 

Artois  1297 ;  fell  by  descent  to  the  house  of  Austria ; 
ceded  to  France  1659. 
Auxerre  (Burgundy). 

Burgundy  1435-1477. 
Beaumont-le-Roger  (Normandy). 

Ai-tois  1329-1332. 

Philip  of  France,  duke  of  Orleans  1332-1354. 

Evi-eux  1355-1404. 
Blois  (Orleannais). 

Gaston  of  France,  duke  of  Orleans  1626-1G60. 
Champaign. 

Champaign  Xlth  Century  — 1304. 
Clermont  (Beauvoisis). 

Bourbon  1331-1527. 

Charles  of  France,  duke  of  Orleans  1540-1545. 
Estampes  (Beauce). 

Evreux  1327-1400. 

Foix  1478-1512. 
Eu  (Normandy). 

Artois  1458-1472. 

Burgundy  1472-1491. 

Cleves  1491-1633. 

Lorraine- Guise  1633-1660. 

Anne  Mary  Louisa  of  Orleans  1660-1693. 

Bourbon-Maine  1693-1775. 

Bourbon-Toulouse  1775-1793. 

Orleans  1793. 
fivreux  (Normandy). 

Evreux  1313-1404. 

John  Stuart  1426-1429. 
Flanders. 

Flanders  IXth  Century —  1118. 

Denmark  1118-1127. 

Normandy  1127-1128. 

Alsace  1128-1194. 

Hainault  1194-1279. 

Dampierre  1279-1404. 


38  PRINCES  OF  THE  BLOOD  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  FRANCE. 

Burgundy  1404-1477. 

Austria  1477. 
Foix  (Lauguedoc). 

Gaston,  count  of  Foix  1458-1483. 
Forez. 

Henry  III  1566-1574. 
Gisors  (Normandy). 

Francis  of  France,  duke  of  Alen^on  1566-1584. 
Macon  (Burgundy). 

John  of  France,  duke  of  Berry  1359-1360. 

Burgundy  1435-1477. 
Maine. 

John  II 1332-1350. 

Aujou  1360-1481. 

Louis  XVIII  1771-1793. 
Mante  (Isle-of -France). 

Charles,  King  of  Navarre  1354-1365. 

Francis  of  France,  duke  of  Alengon  1566-1584. 
Marche  (la). 

Charles  IV  1316-1321. 

Bourbon  1327-1435. 

Armagnac  1435-1477. 

Bourbon  1477-1527. 

Charles  of  France,  duke  of  Orleans  1540-1545. 

Henry  III  1566-1574. 
Meulant  (Isle-of-France). 

Francis  of  France,  duke  of  AlenQon  1566-1584. 
Mortain  (Normandy). 

Evi-eux  1325. 

fivreux  1408-1012. 

Louis,  son  of  Charles  VI,  1414-1415, 

Charles  of  France,  duke  of  Berry  1465-M72. 
Nevers. 

Louis  III,  count  of  Flanders  1347. 

Burgundy-Nevers  1459-1491. 

Cleves  1505-1539. 
Perche  (la). 

Francis  of  France,  duke  of  Alengon  1566-1584. 


PRINCES  OF  THE  BLOOD  OP  THE  HOUSE  OF  FRANCE,  39 

Perigord  (Guienne). 

Louis  of  France,  duke  of  Orleans  1400-1438. 
Poitou. 

Philip  V  1315-1316. 

John  of  France,  duke  of  Berry  1357-1360. 

John  of  France,  duke  of  Berry  1369-1416. 

Charles  VII  1417-1422. 
Ponthieu  (Pieardy). 

Charles  of  France,  duke  of  Berry  1710-1714. 
Rethel  (Champaign). 

Louis  III,  count  of  Flanders  1347. 

Anthony  of  Burgundy  1405. 
Soissons. 

Orleans  1404-1498. 

Claude  of  France,  Queen  of  France  1505-1515. 
Toulouse. 

Toiilouse  Vlllth  Century  — 1271. 
Valois  (Isle-of -France). 

Philip  of  France,  duke  of  Orleans  1344-1375. 

Orleans  1386-1406. 
Villefranche  (Rouergue). 

Frederick  of  Arragon  1480. 


BARONIES. 


Coucy  (Isle-of-France). 

Orleans  1404-1489. 

Claude  of  France,  Queen  of  France  1505-1515. 
Donzy  (Luxemburg). 

Louis  III,  count  of  Flanders  1347. 
Montpellier  (Languedoc). 

Evreux  1371-1382. 


40    PRINCES  OF  THE   BLOOD   OF  THE  HOUSE   OF   FRANCE. 

CHATELLENIES. 

Mortagne  (Flanders). 

John,  son  of  Charles  VII  1407-1416. 
Vernon  (Normandy). 

Francis  of  France,  duke  of  Alen(;on  1566-1584, 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


De  la  commodite  de  Tapanage  et  partage  de  M.  M.  les 
enfans  de  France;  Vaillant  1585.     8°. 

Histoire  des  dignitez  honoraires  de  France;  Lazarre 
1635.     8o. 

La  France  seigneuriale ;  Duval  1650.     12°. 

Recueil  des  droits  du  roi ;  Dupuy  1655  ;  f ol. 

Bibliotheque  du  droit  f ran^ais ;  Bouchel  1667 ;  f ol. 

Des  partages  et  apanages  des  enfans  de  France;  Husson 
1677;  fol. 

Memoires  de  Trevoux  1708. 

Recueil  d'edits,  declarations  et  arrets  concernant  la 
noblesse,  depuis  1566  jusqu'a  1712.     2  vols.,  4°. 

Essai  sur  la  noblesse  de  France ;  de  Boulainvilliers  1732. 
120. 

Histoire  de  la  pairie  et  du  parlement  de  Paris ;  de  Bou- 
lainvilUers  1733.     2  vols.,  12*='. 

Traite  de  la  noblesse  ;  de  la  Roque  1734.    4°. 

Histoire  de  la  pairie  de  France ;  de  B.  (du  Boullay)  1740. 
sm.  8o. 

Dissertation  sur  I'origine  etc.  des  pairs  de  France; 
Simonel  1753.     12°. 

Chronologic  des  duches-pairies  et  des  comtes-pairies ; 
(Chazaud  de  Nantigny)  1753.     4°. 

Memoires  sur  les  matieres  domaniales;  Lefevre  de  la 
Planche  1764.     3  vols.,  4^^. 


42  BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

Dictionnaire  genealogique ;  M.  D.  L.  C.  D.  B.  (Aubert 
de  la  Chesnayes  des  Bois)  1770.    4°. 

Les  quatre  ages  de  la  pairie  de  France ;  Zemgans  (Goez- 
man)  1775.    3  vols.,  8°. 

Lettre  sur  Torigine  du  titre  de  marquis  en  France; 
Tobiesen-Duby.     (See :  Journal  des  Savans,  1789.    4o.) 

Carte  de  I'etat  actuel  des  duches  et  comtes  pairie ;  Brion. 
(See :  La  France  analytique  II.) 

Essai  sur  les  apanages ;  (Du  A^aucel.)     2  vols.,  4°. 

Discours,  memoires  et  plaidoyes  et  autres  actes  touchant 
Porigine  des  dues  et  pairs  de  France.    4  vols.,  fol. 

Des  pairs  de  France ;  (de  Pensey)  1816.     8°. 

Histoire  des  pairs  de  France;  de  Courcelles  1826. 
12  vols.,  40. 

De  la  pairie,  de  la  noblesse,  etc. ;  Berry er,  1831. 

L'heredite  de  la  pairie ;  Berryer  1831. 

Traite  des  apanages ;  Dupin  1835.     12°. 

Curiosites  nobiliaires  et  heraldiques ;  Chassant  1858.    80. 

La  noblesse  en  France ;  de  Barthelemy  1858.     18°. 

Recherches  sur  la  noblesse  maternelle;  de  Barthelemy 
1861.     8°. 

Nouvelles  observations  sur  la  noblesse  maternelle;  de 
Barthelemy  1865.    8°. 

Les  dues  et  les  duches  fran(;ais ;  de  Barthelemy  1867.    8°. 

La  noblesse  de  France  sous  Tancienne  monarchic ;  Lou- 
andre  1880.    18°. 

Histoire  de  la  principaute  de  Donzere.  (See:  Biblio- 
graphic du  Dauphine.) 


14  DAY  USE 

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